哥伦布航海日记（实用十三篇）_哥伦布航海日记

2019-08-28 哥伦布航海日记

哥伦布航海日记（实用十三篇）。

<一> 哥伦布航海日记

1492年8月3日，哥伦布受西班牙国王派遣，带着给印度君主和中国皇帝的国书，率领三艘百十来吨的帆船，从西班牙巴罗斯港杨帆出大西洋，直向正西航去。经七十昼夜的艰苦航行，1492年10月12日凌晨最后发现了陆地。哥伦布以为到达了印度。之后知道，哥伦布登上的这块土地，属于此刻中美洲巴勒比海中的巴哈马群岛，他当时为它命名为圣萨尔瓦多。1493年3月15日，哥伦布回到西班牙。此后他又三次重复他的向西航行，又登上了美洲的许多海岸。直到1506年逝世，他一向认为他到达的是印度。之后，一个叫做亚美利哥的意大利学者，经过更多的考察，才知道哥伦布到达的这些地方不是印度，而是一个原来不为人知的新的大陆。哥伦布发现了新大陆。但是，这块大陆却用证实它是新大陆的人的名字命了名：娅美丽雅哥洲。之后，对于谁最早发现美洲不断出现各种微词。哥伦布发现新大陆的结论是不容置疑的。这是正因当时，欧洲乃至亚洲、非洲整个旧大陆的人们确实不知大西洋彼岸有此大陆。至于谁最先到达美洲，则是另外的问题，正因美洲土著居民本身就是远古时期从亚洲迁徙过去的。中国、大洋洲的先民航海到达美洲也是极为可能的，但这些都不能改变哥伦布发现新大陆的事实。

哥伦布的远航是大航海时代的开端。新航路的开辟，改变了世界历史的进程。哥伦布这一创时代的举动所带给人类社会和礼貌的影响无疑在人类历史上占有举足轻重的地位，在往后的每一历史时代对他的`评价都会有所不一样，但他开创新时代的影响是不容置疑的。它开创了在新大陆开发和殖民的新纪元。当时欧洲人口正在膨胀，有了这一发现，欧洲人就有了能够定居的两个新大陆，就有了能使欧洲经济发生改观的矿藏资源和原材料。

这一发现，导致了美国印地安人礼貌的毁灭。从长远的观点来看，还致使西半球上出现了一些新的国家。这些国家与曾在该地区定居的各个印地安部落截然不一样，它们极大地影响着旧大陆的各个国家。它使海外贸易的路线由地中海转移到大西洋沿岸。从那以后，西方最后走出了中世纪的黑暗，开始以不可阻挡之势崛起于世界，并在之后的几个世纪中，成就海上霸业。一种全新的工业礼貌成为世界经济发展的主流。

伊莎贝拉曾向哥伦布许诺，他能够做他所发现的任何陆地的总督。但是作为一个行政官他是不称职的，最后被撤职，带着镣铐被遣送回西班牙。在西班牙他很快就得到了释放，但是没有再让他担当任何官职。但直到去世时，他都相当富裕。

哥伦布说过：即使是简单的也需要有人去发现，去证实。站在后面指手画脚是无用的，关键在于创新。

<二> 哥伦布航海日记

克里斯托弗·哥伦布是人类历史上最为出色的航海家之一，他发现新大陆的事迹为人们所熟知。哥伦布的成就在航海界无人能及，但是人们对他的功过是非从来就褒贬不一。

事实上，早在冰河时期，水平面下降，白令海峡露出陆地，人类就已经从当时的亚洲大陆到达美洲。千百年来，居住于美洲大陆上的印第安人和中、南美洲部落已经在该地建立起一定规模的社会，自给自足。哥伦布所谓的发现，客观地看只是欧洲人的“发现”。

随着越来越多的考古发现，有很多人开始相信北欧的维京人早就发现了美洲。甚至有人提出中国人郑和在1421年便已发现美洲大陆。但不论怎样，哥伦布作为第一个使欧洲人普遍知道美洲大陆的人的地位则是毋庸置疑的。

委内瑞拉前总统查韦斯曾公开呼吁拉丁美洲人不要庆祝“哥伦布日”，称哥伦布1492年的地理大发现带给拉美土著印第安人的是长达150年的“种族屠杀”。查韦斯在委内瑞拉首都加拉加斯举行的美洲大陆印第安人代表大会上说：“克里斯托弗·哥伦布是人类历史上最大的侵略与种族灭绝的先锋。”

尽管如此，但这并不能抹杀哥伦布的重要性。首先，以2013年的标准来评价哥伦布，确实有失公允。历史人物的衡量标准往往不是道德是否完善，而是对人类历史的影响和贡献。

历史的看，在哥伦布之前应该有人到达过美洲，但他们似乎并不重要，因为他们的发现既没有被传播开来，也没有引发欧洲和美洲的任何变化。相反，哥伦布发现新大陆的消息传遍了整个欧洲。接踵而来的，是对新大陆的一次又一次的探险，对这块土地的殖民和征服活动由此开始。

诚然，即使没有哥伦布，他做的事情别人也可以做到，美洲大陆迟早会被发现，哪怕是晚几十年。但是，如果同样是在大航海时代，美洲被英国人、葡萄牙人，或者亚洲人发现，后面的历史也许就完全不同了。这正是哥伦布独具影响力的原因，不管怎样，是哥伦布发现了新大陆。

<三> 哥伦布航海日记

《爸妈不是我的佣人》这本书讲诉了一个名叫“胡小闹”的男孩每天都像王子殿下一样被父母伺候着，过着衣来伸手饭来张口的日子。在胡小闹班里，转来了一位个性很特别的老师――高歌，这是一位允许学生直呼自己大名的老师，也是一位很会教导学生的老师。高歌老师是胡小闹的班主任，他经常教学生一些道理：比如要学会独立，不要事事都依靠爸妈......

随后，胡小闹、小樱桃和闫石为了证明自己是最独立的，展开一场独立比赛。赛过程中，胡小闹、小樱桃和闫石一起来到了一个十分贫穷的村庄，在那个村庄里，有一群贫穷但很勤劳的孩子，胡小闹开始很瞧不起他们，认为他们贫穷，生活条件差，所以很不喜欢和他们相处。后来经过高歌老师的教导，胡小闹明白了：虽然那群农村小孩很贫穷，但是一切都是由他们自己劳动创造出来的，很少依靠爸妈。胡小闹回到学校，改变了他以往的懒惰生活习惯，变成了一个乐观、勤奋、好学的胡小闹。

这本书对我的启发很大，它让我明白了：一切不能都依靠别人，要学会自己动手创造。有一个公式：独立 + 自律 =了不起的人，这个公式是什么意思呢？意思是这样的：一个人，拥有独立性和自律性，终究会历练成一个了不起的人。没有独立性和自律性的人很难在社会上生存。那么，做为一个小朋友，如何做到独立和自律呢？应该自己写作业、自己起床、自己安排时间、自己收拾房间、帮父母做一些力所能及的事......。总之，就是自己的事情自己做，同时也能帮助他人。

<四> 哥伦布航海日记

在我的大学专业生涯中，航海实习无疑是我人生中最难忘和充实的经历之一。这次实习给我提供了一个宝贵的机会，让我在实际工作中学习和应用所学课本知识。通过参与船舶操作、导航以及船员管理等工作，我渐渐认识到作为一名航海人员，勇敢和沉着冷静是取得成功的关键。

我实习的船舶是一艘远洋油轮，它的庞大和复杂性令人印象深刻。在上船的那一刻，我对待工作的态度就是全力以赴，不论遇到什么困难都不能退缩。由于我之前的实践经验有限，船上的老板和同事们对我进行了详细的指导，并给予了我很大的支持和鼓励。在导航部门的指导下，我逐渐熟悉了船上的导航仪器和工作流程，学会了如何根据导航图表计算和确定船舶位置。通过实践，我对自己的导航技能有了更深入的理解，并且开始独立操作航海设备。

除了导航工作，我还参与了甲板部门的工作。由于油轮的航行周期较长，船员的工作节奏紧凑而繁重。我挑战了普通船员的工作，包括上升到各个高处进行巡视、检查货物和绳索等。我还深入了解了船舶的舱口操作和货物运输过程。这些任务对体力和耐力都有很高的要求，但我抱着乐于接受挑战的态度，努力完成每一项任务。这段时期我学到了很多，比如如何与船员和上级保持良好的沟通、如何处理突发情况、如何保证工作效率等。

在这次航海实习中，我最受益匪浅的一点是学会了在压力下保持冷静。船舶操作中常常会面临紧急和危险的情况，例如恶劣天气造成的船体剧烈晃动，或是货物装卸作业中的意外事故。在这些时候，保持冷静思考和冷静应对是至关重要的。尤其是当船上其他船员都在依赖你的决策时，你必须保持清晰的头脑，并采取适当的行动来应对问题。这段时间的实践经验让我学会了控制情绪、保持冷静，并在紧急情况下做出明智的决策。

我还学到了团队合作的重要性。作为海员团队的一员，我必须与船上的其他成员紧密合作，为了共同的目标而努力。通过与船员的交流和合作，我在实习期间建立了许多深厚的人际关系。大家在困难时互相支持，共同克服困难。这种团队合作的经验将对我未来的职业生涯产生巨大的影响。

小编认为，这次航海实习是我大学生活中一段宝贵的经历。通过参与船舶操作和导航工作，我增加了自己的实践经验，提高了自己的技能水平，并培养了自己的勇敢精神和冷静思考能力。我深深感激这次实习给我带来的成长机会，相信这段经历将成为我未来职业发展中的宝贵资产。

<五> 哥伦布航海日记

哥伦布竖鸡蛋：名人趣事

有一天，意大利航海家哥伦布（约1451—1506年）在一个西班牙人家里吃晚饭。有几个客人妒忌他的荣誉，千方百计贬低他的功绩。他们说：“发现美洲不是件十分困难的事，只要动动脑筋就可以办到。”哥伦布没有回答，拿起一个鸡蛋，便对西班牙人说：“你们中间谁能够使鸡蛋直立起来？”他们每个人都试了试，但是谁也没有成功。这时，哥伦布拿起鸡蛋在盘子里轻轻地敲了几下，鸡蛋的一端敲碎了，于是鸡蛋稳稳地直立在桌子上。“这太容易啦！”大家叫了起来。哥伦布笑着对大家说：“完全正确，只要动动脑筋就可以办到。”

<六> 哥伦布航海日记

实习日记一：

今天是我航海专业实习的第一天，心中充满了期待和激动。清晨，我早早地来到了码头，准备登上实习船只。阳光洒在海面上，波光粼粼，仿佛预示着这次实习的顺利与美好。

上午，我们在船长的带领下，对船只的结构和设备进行了详细的了解。船长耐心地为我们讲解了船舶的驾驶系统、导航设备以及应急处理措施等关键知识。我认真地听着，努力将这些知识牢记在心。同时，我也对船只的运作流程有了初步的了解，对航海专业有了更深刻的认识。

下午，我们开始了实际的航行操作。在船员的指导下，我亲手操作了船舶的舵轮，感受到了掌控船只的激动与责任。虽然一开始有些手忙脚乱，但在船员的耐心指导下，我逐渐掌握了航行的基本技巧。同时，我也观察了船员的日常工作，了解了他们的工作职责和协作方式。

晚上，我们在船上举行了简单的交流会。大家分享了实习的体会和收获，也交流了对未来航海事业的展望。通过这次交流，我更加坚定了从事航海事业的决心，也结识了一些志同道合的朋友。

今天虽然忙碌，但收获颇丰。我深刻体会到了航海工作的辛苦与乐趣，也对自己的专业有了更加清晰的认识。我相信，在未来的实习日子里，我会更加努力地学习，不断提升自己的专业素养和实践能力。

明天，我将继续跟随船长和船员们学习航行知识，期待在实习中取得更多的进步和收获。

实习日记二：

今天的实习经历格外特别，我们遭遇了一场突如其来的暴风雨。这场经历让我深刻体会到了航海工作的挑战性和不可预测性。

午后，原本晴朗的天空突然乌云密布，狂风骤雨袭来。船长迅速下达了应对指令，船员们有条不紊地执行着各项操作，我也迅速回到了自己的岗位，准备应对这场挑战。

在暴风雨中，船只摇晃得非常厉害，我几乎站不稳脚跟。但看着船员们镇定自若的样子，我也努力保持冷静，按照船长的指示进行工作。我们紧密协作，共同应对着这场突如其来的考验。

经过一段时间的奋战，暴风雨终于过去了。船只恢复了平稳，大家也松了一口气。船长对我们在暴风雨中的表现给予了肯定，并强调了应对突发情况的重要性。

这次经历让我深刻体会到了航海工作的艰辛与不易。在茫茫大海中，我们要时刻准备着应对各种突发情况，确保船只和人员的安全。同时，我也更加明白了团队协作的重要性，只有大家齐心协力，才能共同应对挑战。

明天，我们将继续航行，我将更加珍惜这次实习的机会，努力学习航海知识，提升自己的专业素养和实践能力。

实习日记三：

今天的实习生活充满了探索与学习的乐趣。我们进行了一次海洋生态考察活动，这让我对海洋生态有了更深入的.了解。

早晨，我们带着各种考察工具和设备，乘坐小艇前往附近的海域进行考察。海面上波光粼粼，海鸟在空中翱翔，景色美不胜收。

在船长的指导下，我们开始了海洋生物的采集工作。我们小心翼翼地捕捉了一些海洋生物样本，并进行了详细的观察和记录。这些生物形态各异，色彩斑斓，让我感受到了大自然的神奇与美丽。

除了采集样本外，我们还利用专业设备对海水进行了取样和分析。通过对海水的化学成分和微生物含量的检测，我们初步了解了该海域的生态环境状况。

这次考察活动让我深刻体会到了海洋生态的多样性和复杂性。海洋是地球上最重要的生态系统之一，保护海洋生态对于维护地球生态平衡具有重要意义。同时，我也认识到了自己在海洋知识方面的不足，更加坚定了继续学习和探索的决心。

明天，我们将返回港口，结束这次实习之旅。虽然有些不舍，但这次实习经历让我收获颇丰，我将带着这些宝贵的经验和知识，继续前行在航海事业的道路上。

<七> 哥伦布航海日记

海上气象报告与气象导航

1.______ LOW ELY SLWLY WITH COLD FRONT FM CEN TO 12N 179W AND WARM FROM FM CEN TO 11N 171W． A．SHLW B．SCTD C．OBS D．SW A 2.______ moving rather quickly east expected 150 miles south of Cape Farewell 972 by 160000 GMT． A．Developed low B．Developing low C．Being developed low D．Low to be developed B 3.______ rain means it rains in some parts of the area． A．Squally B．Isolated C．Scattered D．Occasional C 4.A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a ______． A．Foehn

B．Chinook C．Land breeze

D．Sea breeze D 5.A microbarograph is a precision instrument that provides a ______． A．charted record of atmospheric temperature over time B．charted record of atmospheric pressure over time C．graphic record of combustible gases measured in an atmosphere D．graphic record of vapor pressure from a flammable/combustible liquid B 6.A tropical storm is building strength some distance from your ship．Waves are coming from the east，with periods increasing from 5 seconds to 15 seconds．The swell is from the east．Where was the storm when these new swells were generated ________．

A．To the north of you

B．To the south of you C．To the east of you

D．To the west of you C 7.A type of precipitation that occurs only in thunderstorms with strong convection currents that convey raindrops above and below the freezing level is known as ______． A．Sleet

B．Hail C．Freezing rain D．Rime B 8.A weather forecast states that the wind will commence backing．In the Northern Hemisphere，this would indicate that it will ______． A．Shift in a clockwise manner B．Shift in a counterclockwise manner C．Continue blowing from the same direction D．Decrease in velocity B 9.A WIND BLOWS ROUND ANTICLOCKWISE defines ______． A．Bcking（of wind）B．Beach（to）

C．Veering（of wind）

D．Maintaining direction of the wind A 10.After a cold front passes，the barometric pressure ______． A．Drops，and the temperature drops B．Drops，and the temperature rises C．Rises，and the temperature drops D．Rises，and the temperature rises C 11.Anticyclones are usually characterized by ______． A．dry，fair weather B．high winds and cloudiness C．gustiness and continuous precipitation D．overcast skies A 12.As the temperature for a given mass of air increases，the ______． A．Dew point increases B．Dew point decreases C．Relative humidity increases D．Relative humidity decreases D 13.BASHI：E TO SE 9-10.500M IN HVY SQUALLY SHWRS AND TS．SEA 8-9M．SWELL SE 6-7M．From the above forecast，the wind in Beaufort Scale will be ______．

A．STRONG GALE TO STORM B．GALE TO STRONG GALE C．NEAR GALE TO GALE D．STRONG BREEZE TO NEAR GALE A 14.CAPE WEST WIND WEST TO SOUTHWEST 15 TO 20 KNOTS WEATHER

SHOWERS．This description is likely to be under the heading of ______． A．FORECAST B．STORM WARNING C．GENERAL SITUATION D．MAP ANALYSIS A

15.During the voyage he encountered boisterous winds and heavy weather during which time the vessel ______ heavily and to such an extent that at times it was necessary to change course． A．Moved B．Labored C．Drove D．Went B 16.During the voyage my ship ______ bad weather in the Pacific Ocean． A．meets with B．has met with C．met with D．meeted with C 17.Especially in adverse weather，risk of collision with an offshore supply vessel increases when the vessel is moored to what side of the unit ________． A．Upwind B．Downwind C．Crosswind D．Downcurrent A 18.For an accurate barometer check，you would ______． A．Check it with a barometer on another vessel B．Take readings from several barometers and average them C．Check it with the barometer at the ship chandlery D．Check it against radio or National Weather Service reports of the immediate vicinity D 19.HIGH WAVES；DENSE STREAKS OF FOAM ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND；CRESTS OF WAVES BEGIN TO TOPPLE，TUMBLE AND ROLL OVER；SPRAY MAY AFFECT VISIBILITY．This condition is likely to be termed ______．

A．Strong breeze B．Near gale C．Gale D．Strong gale D

20.If the center of low pressure is due west of you in the Northern Hemisphere，which wind direction should you expect ________． A．South to west B．South to east C．West to north D．North to east B 21.If your weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure area to be 100 miles due east of your position，what winds can you expect in the Northern Hemisphere ________．

A．East to northeast

B．East to southeast C．North to northwest

D．South to southeast C 22.INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE OVER SOUTH PHILIPPINE PASSING OVER MINDANAO NORTHERN SULU AND PALAWAN．This phrase is likely to be under the heading of ______． A．GALE WARNING B．24 HOURS FORECAST C．SYNOPSIS D．STORM WARNING C 23.Mechanical lifting of air by the upslope slant of the terrain is called ______． A．Vertical lifting B．Convective lifting C．Advective lifting D．Topographic lifting D 24.NORTHEAST TAIWAN RYUKYU PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES WITH ISOLATED SHOWERS WIND NORTHEASTLY ZERO FIVE TO ONE FIVE KNOTS SEA MAINLY SLIGHT．The weather in this area is ______． A．CLOUDY B．PARTLY CLOUDY C．CLEAR D．OVERCAST B 25.Of the following，______ is not a wind． A．Bora B．Gust C．Gregale D．FloeD 26.OWING TROPICAL STORM9706 CROSSING OUR/COURSE PLSPERMIT SHELTERING KAGOSHIMA KAIWAN．This cable indicates that ______．

A．She requested shelter permission

B．She intended to berth at port of KAGOSHIMA C．She intended to change her course D．She was reporting to the port that a tropical storm is coming A 27.REEF（SOUTH）WIND NORTH 10 KNOTS WEATHER ISOLATED SHOWERS SEA SLIGHT STOP．This phase is a ______． A．forecast B．warning C．map analysis D．general introduction A 28.SCARBOROUGH= W TO SW UP TO 10 IN N．500 M IN HVY SQUALLY SHOWERS AND TS．SEA 7-8 M．SWELL SW 5-6 M．The visibility in this area is ______．

A．10 NM

B．500 M

C．7-8 M

D．5-6M B 29.SEVERE TROPICAL STORM UPGRADED INTO A TYPHOON AND AT 1800Z 13 AUGUST IT WAS ESTIMATED BASED ON SURFACE REPORTS．This phrase is likely to be under the heading of ______． A．GALE WARNING B．24 HOURS FORECAST C．SYNOPSIS D．STORM WARNING D 30.TAIWAN STRAITS EAST GUANGDONG：CLOUDY TO OVERCAST WITH LOCAL SHOWERS WIND NE 22 TO 33 KTS SEAS ROUGH TO VERY ROUGH VIS 10 TO 20 KMS．The Vis.in this area is ______ nautical miles． A．22 TO 33 B．11 TO 16 C．5 TO 10 D．10 TO 20 C 31.The AMVER system requires ______． A．Sailing plans to be sent before departure B．More frequent reports in heavy weather C．Arrival reports to be sent within 8 hours of arrival D．A position report within 24 hours of departure D 32.The apparent wind's speed can be zero，but only when two conditions are present．One condition is that the true wind ______． A．Must be from dead ahead B．Speed must be zero C．Must be from dead astern D．Must be on the beam

C 33.The area of strong westerly winds occurring between 40°S and 60°S latitude is called the ______． A．polar easterlies B．prevailing westerlies C．roaring forties D．jet streams C 34.The Beaufort scale is used to estimate the ______． A．Wind direction B．Percentage of cloud cover C．Wind speed D．Barometric pressure C 35.The dense black cumulonimbus clouds surrounding the eye of a hurricane are called ______．

A．Spiral rainbands

B．Cloud walls C．Funnel clouds

D．Cyclonic spirals B 36.The eye of a hurricane is surrounded by dense black cumulonimbus clouds which are called the ______． A．Wall cloud B．Nimbostratus cloud C．Bar D．Funnel A 37.The Routing System which aimed at reducing the risk of casualties is called as ______．

A．Traffic Separation Schemes B．Recommended tracks C．Precautionary areas D．Inshore traffic zones A 38.The winds you would expect to encounter in the North Atlantic between latitudes 5° and 30° are known as the ______． A．Doldrums B．Westerlies C．Trades D．Easterlies C 39.TYPHOON KAREN WARNING 14．POSIT ONE THREE PT ONE NORTH ONE FOUR EIGHT PT TWO EAST AT 110 000Z．GOOD BASED ON 102 200Z RECON FIX．The typhoon is in ______．

A．the high latitude of the northern hemisphere

B．the high latitude of the southern hemisphere C．the low latitude of the northern hemisphere D．the low latitude of the southern hemisphere C 40.Weather conditions in the middle latitudes generally move ______． A．Eastward B．Westward C．Northward D．Southward A 41.Weather forecast messages are usually ______． A．Given only to TV stations B．Transmitted only by commercial broadcast stations C．Broadcast in plain language D．Broadcast immediately on VHF Channel 16 and 2182 kHz C 42.Weather information is available from ______． A．Commercial radio broadcasts B．The Coast Guard on scheduled marine information broadcasts C．VHF-FM continuous marine weather broadcasts provided by the National Weather Service D．All of the above D 43.Weather observations provided by each weather station include all of the following except ______． A．temperature B．visibility C．predicted weather for the next twelve hours D．barometric pressure and change in the last three hours C 44.West backing south-west gale 8 locally storm 10 ______ then rain or sleet mainly good．

A．windy showers B．showers with winds C．wintry showers D．showery winds C 45.What benefit is a weather bulletin to a mariner ________． A．It provides a legal reason to cancel a projected voyage B．It allows the mariner to make long term weather forecasts C．It is of little benefit since the weather changes frequently and rapidly D．It gives the mariner time to prepare for weather changes D 46.What will a veering wind do ________．

A．Change direction in a clockwise manner in the Northern Hemisphere B．Circulate about a low pressure center in a counterclockwise manner in the Northern Hemisphere C．Vary in strength constantly and unpredictably D．Circulate about a high pressure center in a clockwise manner in the Southern Hemisphere A 47.When a high pressure system is centered north of your vessel in the Northern Hemisphere ______．

A．You should experience hot，moist，clear weather B．The wind direction is generally easterly C．The winds should be from the southwest at your location D．The winds should be brisk B 48.When force of winds reaches 10-11 in Beaufort scale，we usually call such wind ______．

A．Gale

B．Storm

C．Hurricane

D．Typhoon B 49.When observing a rapid rise in barometric pressure，you may expect ______． A．Clear weather with no wind，but the possibility of rain or snow within 24 hours B．Deteriorating weather with rain or snow C．Heavy rain or severe thundershowers D．Clearing weather，possibly accompanied by high winds D 50.When steering on autopilot which of the following input conditions may NOT have an effect on the control of the steering gear ________． A．Non-follow-up

B．Rudder adjustment C．Weather adjustment

D．All the above may be activated A 51.Which general weather conditions should you expect to find in a low pressure system ________． A．Fair weather B．Precipitation and cloudiness C．Scattered clouds at high elevations D．Gradual clearing and cooler temperatures B 52.Which of the following is not a frontal term ______． A．Ridge B．Col C．Trough D．Bora D 53.Which of the following statements concerning frontal movements is TRUE ________．

A．The temperature rises after a cold front passes B．The barometric pressure rises when a warm front passes C．A cold front generally passes faster than a warm front D．A warm front usually has more violent weather associated with it than a cold front C 54.While on watch，you notice that the air temperature is dropping and is approaching the dew point．Which type of weather should be forecasted ________． A．Hail B．Heavy rain C．Sleet D．Fog D 55.Widely spaced isobars on a weather map indicate ______． A．High winds B．Gentle breezes C．Ice，snow or frozen rain D．Probability of tornados B 海上天气现象

1.______ are experienced in temperate latitudes during warn summer weather but rarely exceed Force 3 and may extend 10 to 15 miles on either side of the coastline． A．Trade Winds B．Winds of the temperate zones C．Monsoons D．Land and Sea Breezes D 2.______ blow more or less constantly（except when monsoons prevail）throughout all seasons at a mean speed of around 14 knots and are generally strongest in the late winter．

A．Trade Winds

B．Winds of the temperate zones C．Monsoons

D．Land and Sea Breezes A 3.______ forms over land，most frequently during autumn and winter over low-lying land，especially if it is damp and marshy and in valleys on quiet nights with clear skies．

A．FRONTAL FOG B．MIXING FOG C．ADVECTION FOG D．RADIATION FOG D 4.______ is a type of fog occurring close to the sea surface when the air is dry and cold-probably at least 9℃ below the sea surface temperature． A．MIXING FOG

B．ADVECTION FOG C．RADIATION FOG D．ARCTIC SEA SMOKE D 5.______ is the most widespread type likely to be encountered at sea and is caused by relatively warm air being cooled by flowing over a cooler sea surface． A．FRONTAL FOG B．MIXING FOG C．ADVECTION FOG D．RADIATION FOG C 6．A ______ is created by a pressure gradient or slope in the water level． A．gradient current B．density current C．swift current D．torrent current A 7．A barometer showing falling pressure indicates the approach of a ______． A．High pressure system B．Low pressure system C．High dew point D．Low dew point B 8.A hurricane moving northeast out of the Gulf passes west of your position．You could expect all of the following EXCEPT ______． A．higher than normal swells B．high winds C．winds veering from south，through west，to northwest D．light showers D 9.A katabatic wind blows ______． A．Up an incline due to surface heating B．In a circular pattern C．Down an incline due to cooling of the air D．Horizontally between a high and a low pressure area C 10.A sign of thunderstorm development is a cumulus cloud ______． A．Darkening，growing in size and forming an anvil top B．That shows extensive vertical development C．Creating cold downdrafts that are felt on the ground D．All of the above D 11.A vessel entering the eye of a hurricane should expect ______．

A．Moderating winds and heavy confused seas to strike his vessel from all directions

B．The winds to increase to hurricane force and strike from a different direction as the eye passes C．The barometer to reach the lowest point D．All of the above D 12．Altocumulus clouds are defined as ______． A．high clouds B．middle clouds C．low clouds D．vertical development clouds B 13.By plotting the analysis messages on weather charts，we are able to ______． A．prevent any possible accident at sea B．prepare a reasonable forecast of the wind and weather C．help the mariner to fix a accurate ship's position D．aid the salvage of a ship in peril B

s with the prefix“nimbo”in their name ______． A．are sheet or layer clouds B．have undergone great vertical development C．are middle or high altitude clouds D．are rain clouds D 15.Cumulonimbus clouds are formed by ______． A．vertical air movements B．heavy rainstorms C．horizontal air movements D．any movement of moist air A 16.Cumulus clouds that have undergone vertical development and have become cumulonimbus in form，indicate ______． A．clearing weather B．that a warm front has passed C．probable thunderstorm activity D．an approaching hurricane or typhoon C

17.Customs，upon boarding a vessel desiring entry into PRC port，would inspect which document ________．

A．Cargo Manifest

B．Certified Crew List C．Stores List

D．All of the above D

18.Cyclones that have warm sectors usually move ______． A．westerly B．parallel to the isobars in the warm sector C．toward the nearest high pressure area D．faster than the accompanying cold front B 19.Fetch is the ______．

A．Distance a wave travels between formation and decay B．Stretch of water over which a wave-forming wind blows C．Time in seconds required for two crests to pass a given point D．Measurement of a wave's steepness B 20.Fog forms when the air ______． A．Is 50% water saturated B．Is 90% water saturated C．Temperature is greater than the dew point temperature D．Temperature is equal to，or below the dew point temperature D 21.Good weather is usually associated with a region of ______．

A．low barometric pressure

B．high barometric pressure C．falling barometric pressure

D．pumping barometric pressure B 22.Haze is not caused by ______．

A．forest fires

B．smoke from industrial areas C．dust or sand storms

D．water droplets with the relative humidity more than 95% B 23.High pressure ridge ______ from Sevastopol to eastern Libya．

A．Reaching

B．Extending

C．Increasing

D．Upgrading B 24.Hurricanes may move in any direction．However，it is rare and generally of short duration when a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere moves toward the ______． A．West or northwest

B．Northeast

C．Southeast

D．North C 25.If you are caught in the left semicircle of a tropical storm，in the Southern Hemisphere，you should bring the wind ______．

A．On the starboard quarter，hold course and make as much way as possible B．2 points on the port quarter，and make as much way as possible C．On the port bow，and make as much way as possible D．Dead ahead and heave to C

26.If you observe the point of cloud convergence shifting to the right and the “bar”of the storm appears to move along the horizon ______．

A．The center of the storm will by-pass you B．The storm will strike you on the starboard side C．You are in the direct path of the storm and should take immediate steps to batten down loose gear D．The storm is starting to break up A 27.In reading a weather map，closely spaced pressure gradient lines would indicate ______．

A．High winds B．High overcast clouds C．Calm or light winds D．Fog or steady rain A 28.In regions near the poles，the winds are generally described as ______． A．Westerlies B．Easterlies C．Northerlies D．Southerlies B 29.In the doldrums you can expect ______． A．Steady，constant winds B．Frequent rain showers and thunderstorms C．Steep pressure gradients D．Low relative humidity B 30.In the Northern Hemisphere a wind is said to veer when the wind ______． A．Changes direction clockwise，as from north to east，etc． B．Changes direction violently and erratically C．Remains constant in direction and speed D．Changes direction counterclockwise，as from south to east，etc． A 31．In the Northern Hemisphere，an observer at point II in the weather system should experience a wind shift from the ______． A．Southwest，clockwise to northwest B．Northeast，clockwise to west-southwest C．Northeast，counterclockwise to northwest D．East，counterclockwise to south-southwest A 32.In the Northern Hemisphere，if your vessel is in a hurricane's navigable semicircle it should be positioned with the wind on the ______．

A．Starboard quarter，hold course and make as much speed as possible B．Port bow，hold course and make as much speed as possible until the hurricane has passed C．Port quarter，maintain course and make as much speed as possible

D．Starboard bow and heave to until the hurricane has passed A

33.In the Northern Hemisphere，the right half of the storm is known as the dangerous semicircle because ______．

A．the wind speed is greater here since the wind is traveling in the same general direction as the storm's track B．the direction of the wind and seas might carry a vessel into the path of the storm C．the seas are higher because of greater wind speed D．All of the above D 34.In the Northern Hemisphere，when the wind at your location is northerly，the low pressure center causing the wind is located to your ______． A．NNW B．WSW C．ESE D．SSW C 35.In the relatively calm area near the hurricane center，the seas are ______． A．moderate but easily navigated B．calm C．mountainous and confused D．mountainous but fairly regular as far as direction is concerned C 36.In the Southern Hemisphere winds in a low pressure system rotate in a ______． A．clockwise direction B．northeasterly direction C．northerly direction D．counterclockwise direction A 37．Isobars on a synoptic chart are useful in predicting ______． A．Temperature B．Dew point C．Wind velocity D．Relative humidity C 38.MAINLY VARIABLE 3 to 4 VEERING NELY 5 TOMORROW MORNING．This forecast refers to ______ in the designated area． A．visibility B．winds C．sea D．fog B 39.MIST is caused by ______．

A．forest fires B．smoke from industrial areas C．dust or sand storms D．water droplets with the relative humidity more than 95% D 40．Monsoons are characterized by ______．

A．light，variable winds with little or no humidity B．strong，gusty winds that blow from the same general direction all year C．steady winds that reverse direction semiannually D．strong，cyclonic winds that change direction to conform to the passage of an extreme low pressure system C 41.Recurvature of a hurricane's track usually results in the forward speed ______． A．Increasing B．Decreasing C．Remaining the same D．Varying during the day A 42.Steady precipitation is typical of ______． A．Coming cold weather conditions B．A warm front weather condition C．High pressure conditions D．Scattered cumulus clouds B 43.The direction of prevailing winds in the Northern hemisphere is caused by the ______．

A．Magnetic field at the North Pole B．Gulf Stream C．Earth's rotation D．Arctic cold fronts C 44.The doldrums are characterized by ______． A．Steady，light to moderate winds B．Frequent calms C．Clear skies D．Low humidity B 45.The force resulting from the earth's rotation that causes winds to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere is called ______．

A．Pressure gradient

B．Coriolis effect C．Aurora borealis

D．Ballistic deflection B 46．The moisture equilibrium chart can be used to determine the ______．

A．Absolute moisture content of the air surrounding a hygroscopic cargo when moisture equilibrium exists B．Dew point temperature that the air surrounding a hygroscopic commodity will have when in moisture equilibrium with that commodity C．Enthalpy of the air surrounding a hydroscopic cargo which is in moisture equilibrium with the cargo D．Temperature at which moisture equilibrium will occur in a cargo hold containing a hygroscopic cargo B 47．The passing of a low pressure system can be determined by periodically checking the ______． A．Thermometer

B．Hygrometer

C．Barometer

D．Anemometer C 48.The southeast trade winds actually blow toward the ______． A．Southeast

B．South

C．East

D．Northwest D 49.The strong wind will make us ______ here for some days．

A．To stay

B．Staying

C．Stay

D．Stayed C 50．The thin，whitish，high clouds composed of ice crystals，popularly known as mare's tails are ______．

A．cirrus

B．cirrocumulus

C．altostratus

D．nimbostratus A 51.The wind is ______ and decreasing． A．anticlockwise rotating

B．anticlock rotating C．clockwise rotating D．clock rotating C 52.Tropical cyclones are classified by form and intensity．Which system does not have closed isobars ________．

A．Hurricane

B．Tropical disturbance

C．Tropical depression

D．Cyclone B 53.Two well-developed high pressure areas may be separated by a ______． A．Hill of low pressure

B．Trough of low pressure C．Valley of low pressure

D．Ridge of low pressure B 54.What is the first visible indication of the presence of a tropical cyclone or hurricane ________．

A．Stratocumulus clouds or strange birds

B．Rain and increasing winds C．An exceptionally long swell

D．Dark clouds and the“bar”of the storm C 55.What kind of conditions would you observe as the eye of a storm passes over your ship's position ________．

A．Huge waves approaching from all directions，clearing skies，light winds，and an extremely low barometer B．Flat calm seas，heavy rain，light winds，and an extremely low barometer C．Flat calm seas，heavy rain，light winds，and high pressure D．Huge waves approaching from all directions，clearing skies，light winds，and high pressure A 56.What kind of pressure systems travel in easterly waves ________． A．High pressure

B．Low pressure

C．Subsurface pressure D．Terrastatic pressure B 57.When a hurricane passes into high latitudes over colder water and the source of heat is disrupted，the storm assumes the characteristics of ______． A．a high pressure area B．an extratropical cyclone C．a tropical storm D．an easterly wave B 58.When a hurricane passes over colder water or land and loses its tropical characteristics，the storm becomes a（n）______． A．High pressure area B．Extratropical low-pressure system C．Tropical storm D．Easterly wave B 59.When a tornado moves over the water from land it is called a ______． A．Tornado B．Waterspout C．Hurricane D．Cyclone B 60.When a wind blows round clockwise，it is ______． A．Variable B．Changing C．Backing D．Veering D 61.When experiencing heavy winds，you should reef sails to ______． A．bring the sails parallel to the wind B．reduce sail area exposed to the wind C．allow the sails to catch more wind D．remove all tension on the main and jib sheets B 62.When your vessel is on or near the path of an approaching tropical storm the

______．

A．wind direction remains steady B．wind speed increases C．barometer falls D．All of the above D 63.Which condition indicates that you are in a hurricane's dangerous semicircle in the Northern hemisphere ________． A．A backing wind B．A veering wind C．A norther D．A strong，gusty wind B 64.Which condition suggests that your present position lies in the navigable semicircle of a tropical storm ________． A．A backing wind B．A veering wind C．Sustained gale force winds D．A strong wind that maintains a constant speed and direction A

65.Which of the following is not a frontal term ________． A．ridge

B．col

C．trough

D．bora D 66.Which of the following is not a wind ________．

A．Growler

B．Norther

C．Levanter

D．Mistral A 67.Which type of precipitation is a product of the violent convection found in thunderstorms ________．

A．Snow

B．Freezing Rain

C．Hail

D．Sleet C 68.You have determined that you are in the right semicircle of a tropical cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere．What action should you take to avoid the storm ________． A．Place the wind on the starboard quarter and hold that course B．Place the wind on the port quarter and hold that course C．Place the wind on the port bow and hold that course D．Place the wind on the starboard bow and hold that course D 69.Your facsimile prognostic chart indicates that you will cross the cold front of a low pressure system in about 24 hours．You should ______．

A．Expect to see cirrus clouds followed by altostratus and nimbostratus clouds B．Alter course to remain in the navigable semicircle C．Prepare for gusty winds，thunderstorms，and a sudden wind shift D．Expect clear weather，with steady winds and pressure，until the front passes

C 船体结构

1.______ is not a longitudinal structural member．

A．sideshell

B．bottom shell plating C．inner bottom plating

D．transverse bulkhead D 2.______ is not a static load．

A．Actual weight of the ship's structure，outfitting，equipment and machinery B．Ballast load（weight）C．Cargo load D．Slamming and sloshing load D 3.A block and tackle is rove to advantage．This means that the ______．

A．blocks have been overhauled

B．hauling parts of two tackles are attached C．hauling part leads through the movable block

D．hauling part leads through the standing block C 4.A carling is used aboard ship ______．

A．As a connecting strap between the butted ends of plating B．To stiffen areas under points of great stress between beams C．To prevent the anchor from fouling when the brake is released D．To provide an extra heavy fitting in a heavy lift cargo rig B 5.A continuous watertight bulkhead is normally also a（n）______． A．Structural bulkhead B．Exterior bulkhead C．Centerline bulkhead D．Joiner bulkhead A 6.A deck fitting，used to secure line or wire rope，consisting of a single body with two protruding horns is called a ______． A．Bitt B．Bollard C．Capstan D．Cleat D 7.A design modification of an anchor chain which prevents kinking is the ______． A．Detachable link B．Stud link C．Kenter link D．Connecting link B

8.A set of interior steps on a ship leading up to a deck from below is known as ______．

A．A companion way B．Tween-decks C．Stairs D．Any of the above are acceptable A 9.A term applied to the bottom shell plating in a double-bottom ship is ______． A．bottom floor B．outer bottom C．shear plating D．tank top B 10.A vessel has sustained damage in a collision with another vessel．It is necessary to have a Seaworthy Certificate before the vessel sails．Who will issue this certificate ________．

A．American Consul B．Classification Society C．Captain of the Port D．Officer in Charge，Marine Inspection B 11.Bilge keels are fitted on ships to ______． A．Assist in drydock alignment B．Improve the vessel's stability C．Protect the vessel from slamming against piers D．Reduce the rolling of the vessel D

12.Buckler plates are ______．

A．Triangular-shaped plates connecting the bull chain to the topping lift B．Metal plates secured over the tops of the hawsepipes C．Faired shell plates with curvature in two directions D．Sheets of dunnage used to prevent heavy cargo from buckling the deck plates B pared to internal structural plating，the exterior hull plating on a vessel is usually ______． A．stronger B．thinner C．more corrosion resistant D．a lower grade steel A pared to internal structural plating，the exterior hull plating on a ship is usually ______．

A．stronger B．thinner C．more corrosion resistant D．a lower grade steel A 15.Deck beams on a vessel are generally spaced at equal intervals and run ______． A．longitudinally

B．vertically

C．transversely

D．intermittently C 16.Deck beams perform ______ of the following functions in the hull structure of a vessel．① They transfer deck loads to the frames；② They help to maintain the shape of the hull． A．① only． B．② only．

C．Both ① and ② D．Neither ① nor ② C 17.Floors aboard ship are ______． A．also called decks B．vertical transverse plates connecting the vertical keel with the margin plates C．large beams fitted in various parts of the vessel for additional strength D．found in passenger and berthing spaces only B 18.Floors aboard ship are ______．

A．frames to which the tank top and bottom shell are fastened on a double bottomed ship B．transverse members of the ships frame which support the decks C．longitudinal beams in the extreme bottom of a ship from which the ship's ribs start D．longitudinal angle bars fastened to a surface for strength A 19.For existing ships，______ is not an improvement to safety． A．the reinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkhead B．the double bottom structure in way of the foremost cargo hold C．the introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating procedures D．introduction of new and improved designs D 20.Forecastle deck is located in the ship's ______． A．Bow stem B．Stern C．Portside D．Starboard side A 21.Frames to which the tank top and bottom shell are fastened are called ______． A．floors

B．intercostals C．stringers D．tank top supports A 22.Holes in the bulwark，which allow deck water to drain into the sea，are ______． A．Doggers B．Fidleys C．Freeing ports D．Swash ports C 23.If the weights are moved away from the midship section，______ will happen on board． A．hogging B．sagging C．stiff D．tender A 24.In a transversely framed ship，the transverse frames are supported by all of the following EXCEPT ______． A．Girders B．Longitudinals C．Side stringers D．Web plates D 25.In heavy weather you notice buckling in the midships deck plating of your vessel．To relieve the strain you could ______．

A．pump fuel oil from midships to the ends of the vessel B．reduce speed C．take a course which most eases the vessel D．All of the above D 26.In vessel construction，a greater number of watertight bulkheads results in ______． A．increased capacity to set flooding boundaries B．decreased capacity to set flooding boundaries C．reduced compartmentation D．greater deck load capacity C

27.In vessel construction，beams are transverse girders which provide support to ______． A．Bulkheads B．Deckhouse structures C．Decks

D．Vertical frames C 28.In vessel construction，the garboard strake is ______． A．Located next to and parallel to the keel B．Located next to and parallel to the gunwale C．Another term for the bilge keel D．Another term for the rub rail A 29.It is possible，and sometimes necessary，to strengthen the deck of a vessel for carriage of deck cargo by ______． A．placing bunker on the deck B．building a stage on which to place the cargo C．welding steel feet to the deck，on which the cargo is placed D．erecting vertical pillars under the deck to support the cargo D 30.Limber is a term associated with ______． A．Emergency gear B．Drainage C．Deck cargo storage D．Securing gear B 31.On a vessel，the keel is the primary strength member of the lower hull form in which direction ________． A．Transverse B．Diagonal C．Longitudinal D．Vertical C 32.On board a bulk carrier，______．

A．harbour SWSF > seagoing SWSF，harbour SWBM > seagoing SWBM B．harbour SWSF < seagoing SWSF，harbour SWBM < seagoing SWBM C．harbour SWSF > seagoing SWSF，harbour SWBM < seagoing SWBM D．harbour SWSF < seagoing SWSF，harbour SWBM > seagoing SWBM A 33.One function of a bulwark is to ______． A．Help keep the deck dry B．Prevent stress concentrations on the stringer plate C．Protect against twisting forces exerted on the frame of the vessel D．Reinforce the side stringers A

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34.Pollution regulations require that each scupper in an enclosed deck area have a ______．

A．Wooden plug B．Soft rubber plug C．Two-piece soft patch D．Mechanical means of closing D 35.Prior to magnetic particle inspection of anchor chain，the chain should be ______． A．Degaussed B．Demagnetized C．Soaked D．Sandblasted D 36.Regulations define the bulkhead deck as ______．（subdivision and stability regulations）

A．any deck extending from stem to stern B．the uppermost deck to which transverse watertight bulkheads extend C．the lowermost deck to which transverse watertight bulkheads extend D．the uppermost complete deck B 37.Reinforcing frames attached to a bulkhead on a vessel are called ______． A．side longitudinal

B．intercostals C．stiffeners

D．brackets C 38.Ship's steering gear refers to ______．

A．cargo handling machines

B．deck winches and derricks C．engine-room tools

D．course controlling system D 39.The American Petroleum Institute recommends magnetic particle inspection for ______． A．Anchor chain

B．Wire rope

C．Connecting links

D．Pendant wires C 40.The American Petroleum Institute recommends that connecting links and anchor shackles be inspected using ______． A．Visual examinations B．Magnetic particle inspection C．Dye penetrant inspection D．X-ray inspection B 41.The Captain's accommodation comprising rooms certified for his exclusive use may be ______ in the measurement of vessel's tonnage．

A．Deducted

B．Added

C．Forfeited

D．Used A 42.The deadweight of a bulk carrier consists of ______． A．the weight of the ship's structure and its machinery

B．bunker and other consumable loads C．ballast loads D．all those weights，such as the weight of the bunkers，ballast，provisions and cargo D 43.The extension of the after part of the keel in a single-screw vessel upon which the stern post rests is called the ______． A．boss B．knuckle C．skeg D．strut C 44.The hull is divided up into a number of watertight compartments by ______． A．inner bottom plating and longitudinals B．decks and bulkheads C．double bottom girders D．topside and hopper tank sloping plating and longitudinals B 45.The locker will ______ as long as your ship is here． A．Be kept sealed B．Be released from being sealed C．Be kept signed D．Be released from being signed A 46.The opening in the deck beneath the anchor windlass that leads to the chain locker is the ______． A．Hawse pipe B．Fall pipe C．Drop-pipe D．Spill pipe D 47.The perforated，elevated bottom of the chain locker，which prevents the chains from touching the main locker bottom and allows seepage water to flow to the drains，is called a ______． A．cradle B．draft C．harping D．manger D 48.The permissible SWSF and SWBM are assigned by ______． A．IMO B．IACS Member Societies C．SOLAS D．BC Code B

49.The piping that routes an oil cargo from the manifold to underdeck pipelines is known as a ______． A．Cargo fill B．Line drop C．Transfer D．Branch line B 50.The primary barrier of a bulk carrier is formed by ______． A．the single skin side shell and the inner bottom B．deck strips，hatch covers and coamings C．the vertically corrugated transverse watertight bulkheads D．the single skin side shell between topside and hopper tanks，and the cross deck strips，hatch covers and coamings D 51.The riding pawl is ______．

A．a safety interlock in a cargo winch that prevents the runner from overspeeding B．a stopper that prevents the anchor cable from running free if the cable jumps the wildcat C．the device that locks the deck lashings of the Peck and Hale system D．the lug that rides on the eccentric rib and engages the locking ring on the windlass B 52.The section of each end of a barge which is heavily reinforced to take the pressure of pushing is called the ______． A．Headlog B．Towhead C．Collision bulkhead D．Bullnose A 53.The strake on each side of the keel is called a ______． A．Sheer strake B．Gatewood strake C．Insulation strake D．Garboard strake D 54.The term strake is used in reference to ______． A．rudder mountings B．anchor gear C．hull plating D．vessel framing C 55.The type of joint formed when an edge of one plate is laid over the edge of the plate to which it is riveted is a ______． A．Grip joint B．Strap joint

C．Thread joint D．Lap joint D 56.The Vessel's cargo holds are properly fitted with _______ in way of hatches． A．Floor-ceiling B．Battens C．Covers D．Hard-wood boards A

57.To determine the weight capacity of a deck in a cargo hold，you would refer to the ______．

A．Deadweight scale B．Deck capacity plan C．Cubic capacity tables D．General arrangement plan B 58.Tonnage openings must be closed by means of ______． A．Press board B．Steel hatch boards C．Steel plates D．Wooden hatch boards C 59.What can cause a lack of oxygen in a chain locker ________． A．Absorption B．Osmosis C．Evaporation D．Oxidation D 60.What is a cofferdam ________． A．Tube fitted to an ullage hole B．Area the product is loaded into C．Void or empty space separating two tanks D．Opening in the deck used for cleaning a tank C 61.What type of stern tube bearing has the least friction ________． A．Oil-lubricated bearings B．Lignum vitae C．Hard rubber D．Bronze bushings A 62.When lowering manropes alongside a stage rigged over the side of a vessel，they should be allowed to trail in the water ______． A．to easily remove the kinks that form in the lines

B．to allow the seamen on the stage to know the direction and strength of the current C．to provide the seaman something to hold onto if he or she falls from the stage into the water D．only for short periods of time since they will become waterlogged and be very heavy to pull up C 63.When using the term limber system one is referring to a ______． A．Cleaning system B．Drainage system C．Strengthening system D．Weight reduction system B 64.Which arrangement of shell plating is used most in modern shipbuilding ________．

A．Clinker

B．Flush

C．In-and-Out

D．Joggled B 65.Which of the following is a characteristic of a Ro-Ro vessel ________． A．Passenger tours available upon docking B．Long port stays necessary to secure vehicles C．Short in port turnaround times D．Heavy vehicles only require lightweight securing equipment C 66.Which of the following tensioning devices is used with webbing to secure light vehicles aboard Ro-Ro vessels ________． A．Chain lever B．Buckle tensioner C．Adjust-a-matic tensioner D．Turnbuckle B 67.Which space cannot be deducted from gross tonnage when calculating net tonnage ________．

A．Crew messroom B．Forepeak ballast tank C．Master's cabin D．Chain locker B 68.Which space（s）is（are）deducted from gross tonnage to derive net tonnage ________．

A．Boatswain's stores B．Companions and booby hatches C．Passenger spaces D．All of the above A 69.Which space（s）is（are）deducted from gross tonnage to derive net tonnage

________．

A．Galley fitted with range or oven

B．Open structures C．Passenger spaces

D．Boatswain's stores D 70.Which statement about the hospital space on a cargo ship is TRUE ________． A．The hospital may be used for disciplinary confinement if it is not being used for treatment B．The hospital space must have both a bathtub and shower C．A hospital is required on all vessels with a crew of 12 or more if it makes overnight voyages D．If a ship has a crew of forty-five who do not have their own room，the hospital must have four berths D 71.Which term refers to a transverse curvature of the deck ________． A．Deadrise

B．Camber

C．Freeboard

D．Flare B 72.While cranking out a quadrantal davit，slippage of the quadrant due to excessive wear or failure of the teeth in the quadrant will cause the ______． A．Davit arm to pivot on the traveling nut and the head to fall outboard B．Traveling nut to lock up in place on the worm gear C．Limit switch to engage and hold the traveling nut in position D．Winch brake to lock in position and prevent lowering the boat A 73.Why is it necessary to extend ventilators of gasoline powered vessels to the bilges ________．

A．To keep them dry，and thus easier to clean B．To remove fuel vapors which are heavier than air C．To provide adequate air to the engines D．To cool the machinery areas B 74.Your vessel has a midships engine room and the cargo is concentrated in the end holds．The vessel is ______．

A．sagging with tensile stress on main deck B．sagging with compressive stress on main deck C．hogging with tensile stress on main deck D．hogging with compressive stress on main deck C 船舶设备

1.______ is not a proper instruction for handling hatch covers． A．not to obstruct clear fore-and-aft passageways B．not to obstruct coaming-to-bulwark passageways C．to be lashed or otherwise secured to prevent accidental dislodgement D．to be laid on their sides

D 2.______ is not a proper instruction for laying hatch beams． A．to be laid on their sides B．to be stood on edge close together C．be lashed D．be covered D 3.A deck beam does NOT ______．

A．act as a beam to support vertical deck loads B．lessen the longitudinal stiffness of the vessel C．act as a tie to keep the sides of the ship in place D．act as a web to prevent plate wrinkling due to twisting action on the vessel B 4.A fuel-air mixture below the lower explosive limit is too ______． A．Rich to burn B．Lean to burn C．Cool to burn D．Dense to burn B 5.A person may operate an air compressor in which of the following areas on board a tank barge ________． A．Pumproom B．Generator room C．A space adjacent to a cargo tank D．A space two meters from a cargo valve B 6.A safe fuel system must ______． A．Prevent engine overheating B．Have proper air/gasoline fuel mixture ratio C．Be liquid-and vapor-tight D．Supply sufficient air to the intake manifold C 7.A towing vessel's capability is BEST measured by horsepower，bollard pull，maneuverability and ______． A．displacement B．stability C．towrope pull D．propeller design A 8.A VLCC（100，000 DWT+）with a 30，000 Shaft Horsepower Steam Turbine is slow to respond to engine movements and has less stopping power than normal ships because it has a ______． A．Bigger propeller B．Smaller power weight ratio

C．Smaller propeller D．Larger power weight ratio B 9.A whipping is ______． A．a messenger B．a stopper for nylon line C．a U-bolt for securing a cargo whip to the winch drum D．turns of twine around a rope end D 10.A whipping on a fiber line ______． A．keeps the ends from fraying B．strengthens it C．protects your hands D．becomes part of a splice A 11.All diesel engines are classified as ______．

A．Four cycle

B．Compression ignition C．Vacuum ignition

D．External combustion B 12.All echo-sounders can measure the ______． A．Actual depth of water B．Actual depth of water below keel C．Average depth from waterline to hard bottom D．Average depth of water to soft bottom B 13.All marine low-speed diesels are of what design ________． A．Four-stroke

B．Two-stroke C．Electronic ignition

D．Forced exhaust B 14.All of the following steps are taken in starting a centrifugal pump，EXCEPT to ______．

A．Set the relief valve B．Check the lubrication system C．Vent the pump casing D．Open the pump suction and discharge valves A 15.An anchor winch should be equipped with mechanical brakes capable of holding ______．

A．half the breaking strength of the mooring line B．the full breaking strength of the mooring line C．the maximum expected tension of the mooring line D．50% over the working tension of the mooring line B 16.An example of a messenger is a ______．

A．fairlead B．heaving line C．stay D．warp B 17.An example of a modern anchor which has a stock is a（n）______． A．Articulated anchor B．Flipper Delta anchor C．Baldt anchor D．Danforth anchor D 18.An LWT anchor often has difficulty tripping in ______． A．Sand B．Soft soil C．Stiff clay D．Heterogeneous soil B 19.Anchor shackles should have a breaking strength that is ______． A．equal to the chains they are connecting B．25% more than the chains they are connecting C．50% more than the chains they are connecting D．100% more than the chains they are connecting A 20.Anchors are prevented from running out when secured by the ______． A．Brake

B．Devil's claw

C．Pawls

D．All of the above D 21.Any hatch beam or pontoon left in place next to an open hatch section being worked shall be ______ or otherwise secured，so that it cannot be accidentally displaced．

A．tommed down B．braced C．locked D．chopped C 22.Because of ______，air ducts used aboard ships are often very small and have sharp curves and bends． A．high level B．overflow spaces C．cargo tank D．space constraints D 23.Centrifugal pumps have what advantage（s）over reciprocating pumps ________． A．They are less expensive B．They are smaller for equivalent pumping ability

C．They pump more cargo in less time D．All of the above D 24.Diesel engines are considered safer than gasoline engines because ______． A．They are more heavily built B．The fuel used is less volatile挥发 C．They can be easily reversed D．They operate at a lower speed B 25.Diesel engines obtain combustion air through turbo chargers，blowers，or ______． A．Air starters B．Carburetors C.Natural aspiration D．Air receivers C 26.Dual electro-hydraulic steering units usually operate ______． A．With both pumps on line at the same time B．With one pump on standby C．With the follow-up gear disconnected D．Only when the rudder is moved amidships B

<八> 哥伦布航海日记

关于哥伦布发现新大陆，通常历史课本里是这样描述的：哥伦布不被自己那个时代的迷信拘执，坚持认定地球是圆的，所以就能找到一条向西走却到达东方的航路，而且他勇敢地将自己的想法付诸实践，终于发现了美洲大陆。真相果真如此吗？

哥伦布一生四度西航，每次都在今天的美洲大陆登岸，可是不管别的航海家、制图者如何说明，他始终坚信自己已经到了亚洲。

他为什么如此“铁齿”，因为他实在不是个太好的航海家，甚至不是一个合格的航海家。与历史课本所说的相反，15世纪末期，欧洲出现了专业航海、制图圈，在这个圈子里的人，大家都确信地球是圆的，换句话说，大家早想到、也都同意由欧洲出海向西航行，是可以绕着地球到达东方的。理论上知其存在，却没有人去证实，理由是：这条航路太遥远了，超过当时航海技术的限制。

为什么哥伦布敢去？因为他的地理计算太差了。当时一般欧洲地理学家相信：欧亚大陆横贯占据地球表面的180°（事实上只有大约120°），如果要从欧洲最西边出发，向西到达亚洲的最东边，就要航行地球一半（180°）的距离。这个距离，不可能是当时只有80英尺长的远洋船所能负担的。

哥伦布却不接受别人通行的看法。他认为，从《马可·波罗游记》可以推断出日本在中国东方30°。如果不从伊比利亚半岛出发，而是从加那利群岛出发，航程又可以再减9°。他又自作主张认定原本对欧亚大陆面积估计太小，最后算出来，只要航行60°，地球圆周的1/6，就能从欧洲到日本。然后他还混淆了英里和海里的长度，东算西算，认为只需航行2700英里就够了。今天我们确切量出来的距离，从加那利群岛到日本最东缘，是13000英里！

抱着错误的信心，哥伦布才敢出发，也才争取到西班牙王室的支持。航程很远，哥伦布为了安慰船员，特别搞了两本航海日志，一本放在外面，大家都可以去翻；另外一本私藏在船长室里，只有他能看。外面那本日志上，哥伦布刻意写“假”的航程，大概只有写在私密日志上“真”的距离的一半，这样船员们就不会觉得：怎么走了那么远，都没看到一片陆地呢？

用这种方式欺骗船员蛮聪明的，只是后世计算发现，其实哥伦布误以为的“假”的航程，远比私藏的“真”的航程接近事实。会出现这种乌龙，是因为哥伦布根本无法正确使用当时最先进的仪器，他连在陆地上都测不准自己所在的位置。

老实说，哥伦布的成就只有一个诀窍，那就是“误打误撞”。他绝不是像历史书上讲的那样天纵英明、走在时代前端发现真理。当大部分航海家和地理学家相信地球是圆形时，哥伦布在航程中，竟然还自以为发现了“地球的乳房”。

在今天的委内瑞拉附近，他觉得海水隆起，北极星看起来偏离了位置。他相信航行到“乳房”顶点后，船会接着滑下来朝地球的肚脐眼去，而那里，应该就是想象中“天堂”藏着的地方！

那个时代的欧洲航海家、地理学家，以为北半球就只有一块欧亚大陆，没人想象到欧亚大陆的背面，还有美洲大陆。哥伦布真正的贡献，是发现了美洲大陆，矫正了错误的观念。可惜的是，哥伦布却从来没被自己的发现说服，继续坚持自己已经到了东方、到了日本或中国或印度的东缘。他的发现改变了整个世界，偏偏就是没有改变自己。

<九> 哥伦布航海日记

1、世界属于勇者。

2、哥伦布的这段话非常经典，在后世被传播为名言。

3、天才是别人认为毫无价值的地方，但你可以挖掘黄金和甘泉！

4、刚才说话的人高叫道：这不能算，他把蛋壳摔破，当然可以站住。

5、这时，哥伦布笑着拿起熟蛋，轻轻敲了敲桌子上的尖头。稍微碎了一点壳的蛋稳稳地站在桌子上。

6、哥伦布只是坐船往西走，然后往西走，遇到了一个大陆。任何人只要一直坐船往西走，都会有这个发现。这句话让原本欢快吵闹的宴会顿时变得沉默，人们面面相觑。

7、在一些人看来，世界上所有的发现和发明都很简单。然而，他们总是在别人指出该做什么之后说出来。哥伦布走上人群，说：你说得很好，我打破了蛋壳，你没有打破。但这就是你和我的区别，我们之间的区别在于谁更勇敢。你不敢摔倒，我敢摔倒。

8、哥伦布在1492年发现新大陆后回到了西班牙。西班牙王室为他举行了一场盛大的欢迎宴，所有的贵族和著名人士都参加了宴会，每个人都争先恐后地问他关于哥伦布的冒险经历和奇怪的事情。西班牙国王建议每个人都为哥伦布的成功举杯庆祝。这时，一群人大声说：我认为这不值得庆祝。

9、哥伦布先是惊呆了，然后笑着站了起来。他没有急于反驳或为自己辩论。相反，他抓起桌子上的熟鸡蛋，说：请试试。他能把熟鸡蛋的小头朝下，站在桌子上吗？我们不明白哥伦布想做什么，但我们显然对他的建议感兴趣。几位贵族先拿起鸡蛋试了试，但没有成功。然后，其他人也拿起桌子上的鸡蛋试试，但没有人能让鸡蛋小头朝下站在桌子上。

10、哥伦布(约1451)~1506年)，意大利航海家。他出生在意大利热那亚，死于西班牙巴利亚多利德。哥伦布年轻时没有受过多少正式教育。虽然他的父亲是一名著名的纺织工匠，但哥伦布对航海和地中海以上的商船非常感兴趣。25岁时，也就是1476年，他留着红发，随着沉船的残骸安全地游到了葡萄牙。在接下来的几年里，他住在葡萄牙，结婚生子。不幸的是，他年轻的妻子很快就死了。哥伦布本可以在葡萄牙附近的商船上继续稳定地生活在当地的水手身上，但他总是梦想着获得财富和荣誉，期待着西方的神秘之处。哥伦布认为，印度和中国可以从欧洲西部航行到东部。在西班牙国王的支持下，他出海四次(1492年)~1493年，1493~1496年，1498~1500年，1502mdash;1504年)。从大西洋到美国的航程已经开通。先后到达巴哈马群岛、古巴、海地、多米尼加、特立尼达等岛屿。第一次登上帕里亚湾南岸的美洲大陆。(理)考察了中美洪都拉斯到达连湾2000多公里的海岸线；认识巴拿马地峡；发现并利用大西洋低纬度吹东风，高纬度吹西风的风向变化证明了地球形状的正确性。它促进了旧大陆和新大陆之间的联系。他错误地认为新大陆是印度，并称当地人为印度人。哥伦布是人类历史上最好的航海家之一，他发现新大陆的事迹是众所周知的。哥伦布的成就在航海界是无与伦比的，但人们对他的优点从来都不同。

<十> 哥伦布航海日记

鲨鱼虎虎的航海日记：3水下的一场争斗：睡前故事

傍晚的时候，虎虎偶然转到了一片陌生的海域。这里的水大约有100多米深，阳光可以照射到深处，各种各样的生物游来游去。在虎虎的眼里，这里一切都好新奇，他开始有点害怕，担心有什么凶恶的动物袭击他。但虎虎本来就不是个胆小鬼，强烈的好奇心还是战胜了恐惧，他小心翼翼地在深水里游荡着，瞪着圆鼓鼓的眼睛盯着各种奇特的动物。瞧，那种动物全身好像就是一个脑袋，多好玩呀!嘿，还有的鱼长着奇怪的眼睛呢!

忽然，从海底升起了一团泥雾，就像爆炸时出现的烟雾一样。机灵的虎虎预感到将有什么危险发生，急忙躲到一块礁石后面，悄悄地探出头来张望。一些小的动物也纷纷四散逃窜，搅起了一团团的泥雾。到底是什么可怕的东西来了呢?终于，虎虎看见了，一条老抹香鲸出现在泥雾中，他庞大的身子狂怒地转来转去。他的头好大呀，几乎占了他身体的三分之一啦!虎虎看见抹香鲸巨大的嘴巴里咬着一只大王乌贼，巨大的锥形牙齿紧紧地嵌住了大王乌贼的一只触手。大王乌贼也用10米长的触手紧紧地抱住抹香鲸的头。哎呀，真惊险呐，虎虎看得胆战心惊。

这时候，乌贼差不多要筋疲力尽了，触手上的吸盘也稍稍放松了。而狡猾的抹香鲸乘机把头用力一甩，一下子将大王乌贼整个吞到了肚子里。虎虎呀地惊呼了一声。

当这两个大家伙在深水里厮杀时，所有比较小的动物都尽量躲得远远的。抹香鲸周围的海水，被大王乌贼的墨汁染黑了。抹香鲸吧嗒了几下大嘴，得意洋洋地在黑水里转悠了几圈，甩甩尾巴，游走了。

<十一> 哥伦布航海日记

理想怎样才能变为现实？今天，我从《哥伦布》一书中找到了答案。

合上书，我的眼前不禁出现了一副画面；波涛汹涌的大海上，黑沉沉的天幕下，正有一行船队迎风破浪地前进。其中一艘的船头，站着一位40岁左右的意大利人。他面色严峻，正眺望前方。那双深蓝的眼睛里充满了坚毅而自信的光芒。他就是着名航海家哥伦布。

当时的欧洲认为东方是一个黄金遍地的国家，盼望一条通往那里的海上捷径，但哥伦布提出航海计划不料遭到国王的拒绝，出人意料的是，葡萄牙国王和西班牙女王同意了，于是，哥伦布带领一支由三艘帆船组成的船队出发。一路上历尽艰辛，但他没有动摇，终于发现了新大陆美洲大陆。

他的发现震惊了全欧洲，他成功了，但并非偶然。那么，成功的秘诀是什么呢？坚定的信念、顽强的毅力和百折不挠的进取精神。

在人生漫漫征途上，信念是我最好的伙伴。它犹如一位良师益友，痛苦时，给予心灵的抚慰；困难时，给予热情的援助；失败时，给予不倒的支撑。信念时时刻刻滋养着我们的内心，滋养着我们的精神。因为拥有信念，我们内心充满了阳光；因为信念，我们的精神始终乐观向上。

奋斗，需要意志和毅力，顽强的意志能使你有一个确定的信念，能使你遇坎坷而不动摇，能使你在困难中越见希望之光明。而坚韧的毅力，它会使你翻越重重障碍，接近目标。

纵观史册，没有一个有所作为的人物，不是通过艰苦的奋斗才达到彼岸的。蒲松龄屡试不第，没有退却，他深信：有志者事竟成；破釜沉舟，百二秦关终属楚；苦心人，天不负，卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。他立志着文，发奋写作，终于创作出了《聊斋志异》一书，为我国古典文学竖起了一块丰碑。贝多芬的伟大之处就是虽然他个人的遭遇是很不幸的，但他却能用音乐去唤起自己和更多人的美好愿望和奋斗的决心，鼓励人们同命运抗争，决不做命运的奴隶。

可见，一个人只有脚踏实地毫不折服的与困难和不幸做不懈的斗争，充满信心地追求理想，他才不会枉活一生，才能够成就事业，才能被人民崇仰。

而有一些人却相信老天掌握人的命运，怨自己命苦，恨老天不长眼，可我不相信。生活本来不可能一帆风顺，也没有平坦的大道，只有既自信，又有顽强的意志，又有对真理执着追求的人，才能到达光辉的顶峰。人的命运只掌握在自己手中！

<十二> 哥伦布航海日记

我是一名海洋学家，被派往一艘名为“海底两万里”的神秘潜艇上进行一次探险。潜艇的设计者是著名的工程师纳特斯，这艘潜艇号称可以在海底航行两万里的距离，这对于当时的航海界来说简直是前所未有的壮举。

第一天，我乘坐小艇前往潜艇上，看着潜艇巨大的身躯慢慢浮起，我心中充满着无限的忐忑和期待。当我踏上潜艇时，我被它的内部设计惊呆了。整个潜艇被准确地分为不同的区域，研究室、餐厅和舰桥等设施一应俱全。潜艇的外壳坚固耐用，据说即使遭遇巨浪也能安全通过。

第二天，潜艇开始下潜。我们慢慢地沉入海水中，层层水花迎面涌来，瞬间让人感到身处神秘海底的奇妙感觉。从舰桥上，我可以清晰地看到外面的海洋世界，五彩斑斓的鱼儿在我眼前穿梭游动，水母散发着神秘而美丽的光芒。每个角落都展示着大自然的鬼斧神工，仿佛置身于一个神奇的水下世界。

第三天，当潜艇正好达到海底两千米的深度时，一只巨大的鲸鱼悠然而过。这只庞然大物敲打着潜艇的壳，让我们不禁心惊胆颤，但同时也能感受到海洋的无穷魅力。潜艇在巨浪中摇摆不定，但幸好经受住了这个地下世界给予的考验。

第四天，我们来到了海底一个叫做“海底火山”的地方。这个区域充满了火山喷发后凝固的巨大岩石，墙壁上还可以看到熔岩的痕迹。这里的水温异常高，我们不得不小心翼翼地驶过。在这片火山岩的阴影中，我们看到了一个庞大的海底洞穴。我决定和几位同伴潜入洞穴中一探究竟。洞穴内黑暗而阴森，但壁上闪烁的微光却让人产生丝丝希望。我们小心翼翼地前行，在洞穴中发现了一种奇特的发光海草，犹如星星闪烁。这个惊喜让我们忘却了洞穴的阴森，仿佛置身于幻想中的仙境。

第五天，我们遭遇了一群鲨鱼的追击。这些虎视眈眈的掠食者围绕着潜艇游动，齐心协力试图将我们捕捉。但是潜艇的设计让它们无从下手，我们安心地看着它们落荒而逃。在这个刺激的航程中，我们不仅仅面对了自然的威胁，也体验到了科技的力量。

第六天，潜艇的电力逐渐耗尽，我们决定返回海面。当我们再次浮出水面时，阳光明媚、微风拂面，让我们感到一种前所未有的喜悦。我们的航程虽然结束了，但潜意识中对大海的敬畏却几乎刻在了我们的心底。

“海底两万里航海日记”是一次令人惊叹的探险之旅，让我亲身感受到了大自然的神奇与壮丽。这次航海日记记录了在海底奇妙而充满冒险的探索之旅，伴随着对大海深处的渴望和敬畏，在探险的过程中，我感受到了科技的力量和自然的奥妙。这片神奇的海底世界给我们带来了发现与惊喜，也教会了我们谦逊和敬畏大自然的触角。